casting
// Promotion
double num11 = 3.1;
int num22 = 1;
num11 = num22 * num11;
cout << "Promotion: " << num11 << endl; //is double, num22 is promoted to 1.0 for calculation
// Demotion
// int num44 = 0;
// num44 = 1.1;
// cout << "Demotion: " << num44 << endl; // is int: numm44 = 1
// Explicit Type Casting
int num1 = 100;
int num2 = 8;
double num3 = static_cast<double>(num1) / static_cast<double>(num2);
cout << "\n " << num3 << endl;